Entries

16 Apr: Upendo Lounge

Upendo Lounge

In 1972 the Black Student Movement (BSM) was allocated a meeting and event space on the first floor of Chase Hall. They named it the Upendo Lounge, after the Swahili word for love. Upendo quickly became a hub for African American students on campus. It was used for meetings, practices, lectures, and church services and as a general gathering space and community center. It was the first space on the campus dedicated to and controlled by African American students. The location and use of Upendo were often a source of contention. When the space was taken over by dining services in 1976, Upendo was moved upstairs. In 1983 the space was unavailable during renovation and was again relocated. The BSM often clashed with university administrators who repeatedly challenged the group's control of the space and discussed making it available to other student groups. Even after the opening of the Black Cultural Center in the student union in 1988 and the Stone Center in 2004, Upendo remained the center of BSM activities and an important part of student life. After Chase was torn down in 2005, space was allocated for a new Upendo in the Student and Academic Services Building North. The new Upendo was renovated in 2016, and the university confirmed that the BSM would have priority use of the space.

Unsung Founders Memorial by sculptor Do-Ho Suh on McCorkle Place, 2005.

16 Apr: Unsung Founders Memorial

Unsung Founders Memorial

The Unsung Founders Memorial is an art installation located on McCorkle Place, dedicated to the African American people who helped build the university. The piece, created by artist Do Ho Suh, features bronze figures holding up a black stone table, surround by five stone seats. Inscribed on the top is, "The Class of 2002 honors the university's unsung founders, the people of color bond and free, who helped build the Carolina that we cherish today." The senior gift of the class of 2002, it was installed and dedicated on November 5, 2005. Descendants of enslaved university workers attended the dedication, along with university leaders and students. Suh designed the piece to be accessible and interactive, noting that, "when you touch it and sit on it, and use it, . . . you become part of it." He also noted that the seats were inspired by the rocks that mark some of the graves in the African American section of the Old Chapel Hill Cemetery.

While its installation represented a landmark moment for a predominately white institution to acknowledge its debt to enslaved people, the memorial has been criticized for its appearance. The low profile of the piece and the implicit encouragement to sit at a table being held up by the depicted enslaved people seems to convey their oppressed condition and to diminish their achievements. The monument has also been criticized for its proximity to the much larger and more prominent Confederate Monument that stood nearby on McCorkle Place until 2019.

Date Established: 2005

Date Range: 2005 – Present

Unsung Founders Memorial, 2005. Photograph by Sarah Arneson / Carolina Alumni Review.

 

16 Apr: University Railroad

University Railroad

The eighteenth-century choice to locate UNC in a relatively sparsely populated area left the university and town stranded in the 1840s when railroad lines began to crisscross the state. The east-west line between Goldsboro and Greensboro bypassed Chapel Hill some eight miles to the north, which encouraged the later growth of Durham but isolated Chapel Hill. In 1873, while the university was closed, local iron mine owner Robert F. Hoke obtained a charter for the Chapel Hill Iron Mountain Railroad Company. When the university reopened two years later, trustees worked with Hoke to make the project happen. Renamed the State University Railroad, the project gained state support through the use of convict labor, and additional support through an agreement with the Richmond and Danville Railroad Company to provide iron and rolling stock. The line opened in 1881.

The Chapel Hill terminus was located two miles away from campus, at a spot known as West End, later to become the town of Carrboro. The line met the main line at a point midway between Durham and Hillsborough, marked now by University Station Road. Hoke never found it profitable to ship his iron ore by rail, but the West End depot quickly became a hub for new industry. In 1898 Thomas Lloyd built textile mills there, which Julian Carr bought in 1904.

Passenger service on the University Railroad line ended in 1940. About the same time, UNC purchased property at the west end of Cameron Avenue to build a power plant on the rail line. The current plant there, the Gore Cogeneration Facility, was completed in the early 1990s. Today the only rail traffic on the University Railroad line comes from the freight cars that deliver coal to the power plant.

16 Apr: University of North Carolina Press

University of North Carolina Press

In 1922 a group of faculty established UNC Press, primarily with the goal of publishing faculty research, under the direction of university librarian Louis Round Wilson. The first title published, in 1923, was The Saprolegniaceae, with Notes on Other Water Molds, by William Chambers Coker. The UNC Press initially served as a printing operation. The staff did not comment on editorial content, especially if it came from a UNC faculty member. In 1932 William T. Couch took over as director. The work began to reach beyond the campus, and the press took on a more traditional editorial role, with staff involved in selecting and editing manuscripts.

Inspired in part by Howard Odum and the Institute for Social Sciences, the press specialized in southern studies, a growing area of research and study at the university. It also published work by African American scholars, which was unusual for a southern university at that time. In fact, the UNC Press was publishing works by African American authors at the same time that state and university leaders were fighting to prevent African American students from enrolling at Carolina. The scope of the publications offered by the Press gradually expanded to include literary studies, African American history, and natural history, among other topics. By the 1950s and 1960s UNC Press was widely recognized as one of the leading university presses in the country and acknowledged for its work in regional studies.

UNC Press is part of the UNC System, not the Chapel Hill campus. It has always operated as an independent publisher with a separate board of governors that approves publications. It is supported primarily by income from sales, foundation and grant support, and donations. Originally located in the basement of Alumni Hall, the press moved to renovated Bynum Hall in 1939 after the gymnasium moved out. The offices remained in Bynum until 1980, when they moved to the new Brooks Hall.

Date Established: 1922

Date Range: 1922 – Present

16 Apr: University Day

University Day

University Day, celebrated annually on October 12, commemorates the laying of the cornerstone of Old East on that date in 1793. University Day was first held in 1877 and featured a Glee Club performance and a lecture from university president Kemp Plummer Battle on the charter and establishment of the university. Music and speeches have been a part of the ceremonies ever since. In 1906 the university first awarded honorary degrees during the ceremony, and in 1907 it began the tradition of a procession through campus to Memorial Hall. Two U.S. presidents have spoken at University Day celebrations, both held in Kenan Stadium: John F. Kennedy, in 1961, and Bill Clinton, as part of the UNC bicentennial celebration in 1993.

16 Apr: UNC-TV

UNC-TV

The University of North Carolina Center for Public Television, established by the UNC System Board of Governors in 1979, began as a single station that began broadcasting from the Chapel Hill campus in 1955. This early foray into educational television was promoted by successive university leaders, the state legislature, individual donors, and thousands of volunteers. Their efforts eventually placed North Carolina in the forefront of public television. WUNC-TV was the tenth educational television station in the country, and the first south of Washington, D.C. The studio at Carolina was in Swain Hall, with additional studios at UNC-Greensboro (then Woman's College) and North Carolina State College of Agriculture and Engineering in Raleigh. The station, which is now a statewide public media system with four channels, operates from the Joseph and Kathleen Bryan Communications Center in Research Triangle Park, which opened in 1989.

Both UNC-TV and WUNC radio originated in the early 1940s at Carolina from courses developed by Earl Wynn (1911—1986), professor of drama and radio. Wynn coordinated the interests of a number of faculty and staff interested in broadcasting to establish the Department of Radio, Television, and Motion Pictures (RTVMP) and an allied Communication Center in Swain Hall to house equipment, studio, and broadcasting facilities.

16 Apr: UNC System presidents

UNC System presidents

UNC—Chapel Hill is part of the University of North Carolina System, along with sixteen other institutions. The leader of the UNC System is a president, a title that has been in place since the first consolidation of three universities (UNC, UNC-Greensboro, and North Carolina State University) took place in 1932, and continued when the current system was created in 1971. There have been eight system presidents since then. The longest serving UNC president thus far, William C. Friday. Friday's thirty-year tenure spanned great social change, including racial desegregation and the evolution of UNC into the system it is today.

UNC System Presidents
Frank Porter Graham: 1930—49
Gordon Gray: 1950—55
William C. Friday: 1956—86
C. D. Spangler: 1986—97
Molly Corbett Broad: 1997—2006
Erskine Bowles: 2006—11
Thomas W. Ross: 2011—16
Margaret Spellings: 2016—19
William Roper (interim): 2019—

U.S.-Presidents

16 Apr: U.S. Presidents

U.S. Presidents

The only UNC alumnus to go on to become president of the United States was James K. Polk, from Mecklenburg County, an 1818 graduate. One other future president briefly attended UNC: Gerald Ford enrolled for summer classes at the law school in 1938. Future president George H. W. Bush did not take classes at UNC but was on campus in 1942 to attend the navy pre-flight school there, as did Gerald Ford. Seven presidents have visited UNC while in office: James K. Polk, James Buchanan, Andrew Johnson, Franklin D. Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy, Bill Clinton, and Barack Obama.

Date Established: 1818

Date Range: 1818 – Present

President John F. Kennedy speaking at the University Day celebration in Kenan Stadium, October 12, 1961. UNC Photo Lab Collection, North Carolina Collection Photo Archives, Wilson Library.

 

16 Apr: Tuition

Tuition

Tuition has been a complicated and controversial topic at the university since its founding. The initial cost to attend the university when it opened in 1795 was $15 per year (roughly equivalent to $300 in 2015). In North Carolina's Constitution of 1868, the article on education said that "the General Assembly shall provide that the benefits of the university, as far as practicable, be extended to the youth of the State free of expense for tuition." While the wording changed slightly through subsequent revisions, the mandate for free education has remained, and the clause "as far as practicable" has remained a source of debate.

Even as the university grew through the twentieth century, tuition increases remained fairly modest. Tuition did not top $100 until the 1920s and remained below $1,000 for in-state residents until the 1990s. The university began charging a higher rate for out-of-state residents in the 1920s, briefly exploring a model that would charge different amounts for students from different parts of the country, adjusted for how much universities in those areas charged for out-of-state tuition.

Costs for attending UNC—Chapel Hill rose more rapidly in the 2000s due to a number of factors, most notably a decline in direct support from the state following a series of budget cuts. The university sought to offset rising tuition through increased financial aid opportunities. In 2003 the university announced the creation of the Carolina Covenant, a new program that would ensure that qualifying students who could not afford tuition were able to graduate debt-free.

16 Apr: Trademarks and licensing

Trademarks and licensing

UNC—Chapel Hill signed its first trademark licensing agreement in 1982, not long after the men's basketball team won the NCAA championship. The licensing agreement enables the university to control the use of the school name, logos, and symbols in merchandise and to collect royalties from authorized uses. The original trademarks included the university seal, the Old Well, the tar heel foot, Rameses, and the interlocking NC design. Licensing has become a lucrative operation for the university: in the 2012—13 academic year the school earned close to $4 million from licensing, money that would be used for student aid and scholarships.